______factor is the one that often contributes to the associated transfer of meaning and euphemistic use of words, etc.

The change of word meaning is achieved by modes of_______.

Minister originally means "servant" while in modern time it refers to "head of the governmental ministry". This mode of word meaning change is______.

The meaning of nose and eye in" the nose of a ship" and "the eye of a needle" have experienced_________.

Linguistic factors of meaning change exclude________.

In radiation, the secondary meaning of a word is derived from the primary mening of a word by______.

The meaning of hope has transferred from ______ to ______.

If a word which used to have a more ______ sense becomes restricted in its application in present-day language, the word has undergone narrowing of meaning.

Extension and______ are the most common modes of word meaning changes.

Narrowing of meaning is also known as______, which is the opposite of_______.

_________ is a process by which a word which originally had a specific mening has now become generalized.

______ of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation.

The change of meaning may be caused by _____ factors within the language system and______ factors beyond language system.