Which philosophical standpoint views freedom as the alignment of individual actions with the will of the state?
Libertarianism
Fascism
Compatibilism
Existentialism
What does the Yoruba tribe's concept of "ori" represent in relation to an individual's life?
The individual's social status and role within the community.
The individual's ability to overcome adversity through hard work.
The individual's pre-determined fate, chosen before birth.
The individual's capacity for rational thought and decision-making.
According to the chapter, what is the primary distinction between intrinsic freedom and extrinsic freedom?
Intrinsic freedom is a natural right, while extrinsic freedom is earned through societal contributions.
Intrinsic freedom refers to internal free will, while extrinsic freedom is about external liberties that are fought for.
Intrinsic freedom is limited by social constraints, while extrinsic freedom is absolute and limitless.
Intrinsic freedom is a product of rational decision-making, while extrinsic freedom is driven by emotions and desires.
What argument does the Grand Inquisitor in Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov use against Jesus's offering of freedom?
People genuinely desire authority and mystery over the burden of free will.
Freedom leads to societal chaos and undermines the stability of established institutions.
True freedom is only attainable through spiritual enlightenment, not worldly choices.
Freedom is an abstract concept that is irrelevant to the practical realities of human life.
Which example from the chapter illustrates the concept of capricious freedom?
A traveller finding liberation in a foreign country, free from familiar expectations.
Dostoevsky's Underground Man finding freedom in acting on impulsive whims, rejecting reason and societal expectations.
A person choosing to obey the authority of the Catholic Church despite persecution from secular authorities.
A happy island community living according to pre-determined roles and traditions.
According to Frithjof Bergmann, individuals consistently prioritise freedom above all other values.
The chapter suggest that achieving complete freedom from external influence is both desirable and attainable.
Soft determinists believe that human actions are entirely uncaused.
The chapter conclude that the concept of "freedom" has a universally agreed-upon definition.
According to the Chapter, which TWO factors contribute to an individual's actions being considered less free?
Actions stemming from reasoned deliberation.
Actions resulting from ignorance or lack of awareness.
Actions driven by strong emotional impulses.
Actions performed under external coercion.
Which TWO concepts are presented as potential limitations to the idea of absolute personal freedom?
The influence of social norms and expectations.
The pursuit of individual self-interest.
The deterministic nature of the universe as suggested by Newtonian physics.
The unpredictable nature of subatomic particles.
Please match those terms with the corresponding explanation.
Positive Freedom
Freedom to pursue one's goals, make choices, and act on them, encompassing the idea of "freedom to."
Indeterminism
The perspective that human choices are not predetermined but arise from uncaused events, challenging determinism.
Hard Determinism
The theory that accepts determinism and its implications, rejecting the notion of free will and moral responsibility.