What is an observation in the context of statistical analysis?
A summary of statistical data
A single measure of interest
A phenomenon or process
Each person or thing we collect data about
What determines the type of summary statistics, graphs, and analyses that are possible for a variable?
The number of observations
The level of measurement used
The type of data storage
The research hypothesis
Which of the following is an example of a nominal variable?
Rank in a competition
Age of a person
Preferred type of chocolate
Income level
Why is it not appropriate to calculate a mean or average for nominal data?
Because the data is not numerical
Because the data lacks a meaningful order
Because the data represents a time period
Because the data is already summarized
How do ordinal variables differ from nominal variables?
Ordinal variables have a meaningful order
Ordinal variables are always numerical
Ordinal variables cannot be measured
Ordinal variables are stored as text
Why is calculating a mean for ordinal data considered debatable?
Because ordinal data is always text-based
Because the intervals between values may not be equal
Because ordinal data does not have any meaningful order
Because it is impossible to calculate a mean for any data type
What is interval/ratio data?
Data that is purely categorical
Data that can be classified or ordered
Data that can be measured with equal intervals
Data that cannot be summarized
Which type of chart is most appropriate for representing nominal data?
Line chart
Pie chart
Histogram
Scatter plot
Why should ordinal data not be represented as a pie chart?
Because it is text-based
Because it lacks a meaningful order
Because it is not categorical
Because a pie chart does not show the order of data
How should Helen display the data on chocolate preference?
Line chart
Column chart
Scatter plot
Box plot