A school leader wants to identify students at risk of dropping out using LMS log data. Which research concern is most relevant?
Internal validity of the school timetable
Reliability and interpretability of behavioral indicators
Whether teachers like using the LMS
Internet bandwidth during log collection
Which of the following approaches would be appropriate for validating a predictive risk model in education? (Multi-Choices)
Cross-validation
Triangulation with qualitative interviews
Random assignment of teachers
Checking algorithmic bias across demographic groups
What should a researcher examine when evaluating the ethics of AI-supported decision-making? (Multiple choice)
Data transparency
Personal beliefs of school principals
Algorithmic fairness
Accountability for errors
A study investigates why a school’s digital reform failed. Which research method is most suitable?
Ethnographic case study
Laboratory experiment
Randomized control trial
Eye-tracking experiment
Which statement reflects a constructivist ontological view of teacher professional development?
Professional growth is a measurable quantity like height.
Teachers must follow fixed procedures to learn effectively.
Teacher learning requires only standardized online modules.
Knowledge is constructed through interaction and reflection.
A researcher studies how teachers learn in online communities of practice. Which methods align with this topic? (Multiple-Choice)
Social network analysis
Qualitative coding of discussion threads
EEG brain scans
Participant observation
Which question reflects an ethical rather than technical research perspective?
“How fast can the server process analytics?”
“Who has the right to access student behavioral data?”
“Which LMS plugin is easiest to install?”
“Should we use laptops or tablets?”
To evaluate whether a learning analytics system is ethically acceptable, a researcher should examine: (Multiple-Choice)
Consent procedures
Potential unintended consequences
Whether students like the color theme
Data minimization practices
A mixed-methods study on digital transformation might include: (Multiple-Choice)
Surveys of teacher beliefs
Classroom observation
Sales data from local computer stores
Document analysis of school policy plans
A principal wants to understand why teachers resist using a new AI-based grading tool.Which research question is most appropriate?
How many teachers use the AI tool weekly?
Does AI improve students’ final exam scores?
What are teachers’ lived experiences and concerns about the AI grading tool?
Which brand of AI tool do teachers prefer?
A researcher wants to test whether a new teacher professional development (TPD) program causes increased technology use in classrooms.Which design is most appropriate?
Randomized controlled trial
Autoethnography
Case study
Discourse analysis of teacher reflections
A policymaker wants to understand how algorithmic dashboards influence school principals’ decisions.Which research topic is most appropriate?
Teachers’ willingness to use smart boards
Principals’ decision-making processes under data-driven governance
Whether dashboards increase school revenue
A principal wants a study explaining why smart classroom technologies are underused.Which are suitable research questions? （Multiple-Choice）
What contextual factors shape teachers’ decisions to use smart technologies?
How often are smart tools used each week?
What technical problems occur during smart tool usage?
What are the psychological barriers teachers perceive?
A school plans to compare two digital learning platforms to determine which is more effective for reading comprehension.Which design is most appropriate?
Experimental or quasi-experimental comparison
Narrative case study
Autoethnography of the principal
Interview of teachers and students
A researcher conducts classroom video analysis to study AI tutoring integration. Which concerns should be addressed?
Data privacy of students
Interrater reliability in coding
Brand of camera used
Validity of the coding framework
Which conclusions are methodologically appropriate? （Multiple Choice）
Higher achievers are more active on the LMS
Logins cause higher achievement
Low achievers may need additional support
Completion rates vary across groups
A district compares two online PD models across 10 schools but did not randomize assignment. Which ones are Appropriate conclusions? (Multiple Choice)
Causality cannot be confirmed
Differences may reflect pre-existing characteristics
Results show definitive causal superiority
A quasi-experiment is more accurate than a simple correlation
Chart shows: technology use increases, but student performance flat.What is the best interpretation?
Tech use does not guarantee improved learning
More devices = higher achievement
Students are too lazy
Teachers are incompetent