When was the article “Crossing borders and boundaries: Translation ecosystems in international business” published?
2018
2020
2022
2021
What is the main idea of translation in multinational corporations according to the article?
Translation only involves changing words from one language to another.
Translation mainly requires hiring more translators to convert all documents.
Translation involves reshaping ideas and practices as they move across countries, departments, and cultures.
Translation applies HQ practices exactly as they were originally designed.
Which of the following is an example of organizational translation?
Ignoring cultural differences while applying global practices across units.
The English-Chinese language translation of documents within the company
HR and R&D departments sharing the same professional language without any adaptation.
talent-management system changed when HQ implemented it in the Chinese R&D unit
Knowledge-boundary translation focuses on:
Making ideas understandable and usable across departments with different knowledge
Translating words literally across different departments in the organization
Copying practices from one department to another without any change.
Only translating financial reports and technical documents between departments
Interlingual translation highlights:
How organizational practices are reshaped within local units of the company.
Meaning shifts when practices move between languages and cultures
Local adaptations are unnecessary for global practices to be effective.
Translation occurs exactly as designed by headquarters without modification
Which research design does the study use?
A quantitative survey design to collect numerical data from employees
A literature review approach that summarizes previous studies on translation.
An experimental design to test different translation methods in real time.
A qualitative, conceptual comparative approach based on a mini-case
At which organizational levels does the study examine translation?
Micro, meso, and macro levels
At the macro level only
At the meso level only,
At the micro level only,
What does “path-dependence” mean in this study?
Translation is a one-time event that happens exactly once
Translation ignores historical context and only considers current implementation.
Practices are applied identically across all countries without adaptation.
Past translations influence current and future practices
What is meant by “translator agency”?
Local actors actively interpret, adapt, and sometimes resist practices
Local actors passively follow instructions from headquarters.
Translators only focus on converting language from one form to another.
Headquarters fully dictates all processes without any input from local units.
One main implication for managers is:
Apply global strategies rigidly without adapting to local conditions.
Ignore local interpretations when implementing global practices.
Follow HQ guidelines exactly without considering local feedback or context.
Global strategies must be flexible to accommodate local adaptations
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