When did Chinese philosophy begin to take definite shape?
the Qin dynasty
the Qing dynasty
the Spring and Autumn period
the Tang dynasty
Match the types of philosophy in English and those in Chinese.
Application philosophy
明清实学
Orthodox philosophy
两汉经学
Metaphysics
魏晋玄学
Buddhist philosophy
隋唐佛学
Neo-Confucianism
宋明理学
Who were the representatives of Confucianism?
Confucianism takes the teachings of Confucius as its core of thought and regards the words and deeds of Confucius as its highest code of behaviour .
Match the items.
仁
benevolence
义
justice
忠
allegiance
恕
forbearance
中庸
golden mean
Who were the founders of Taoism?
What is the most important work of Taoism?
Daodejing
Mencius
The Analects of Confucius
Zhuangzi
Taoism assumes that a person should live a simple life, but it also encourages people to strive for wealth, fame and power for they are important to humans.
Which is the political principle of Taoism?
rule of law
The world belongs to all.
to illuminate and promote virtue throughout the world
achieving good government through non-action
Which thoughts belong to Mohism?
All the people in the world should love one another.
Virtuous people should be honoured.
Thriftiness should be encouraged.
There shouldn't be aggressive wars.
Which thoughts belong to Legalism?
Laws can unify the thought of people.
Waging wars can gain strength and power.
A system of bureaucracy should be established.
Agriculture should be promoted to achieve affluence.
Contradiction is present everywhere.
Everyone is equal before the law.
Emperor Wudi instituted the campaign of '______'.
three cardinal guides and five constant virtues
contention and flourishing of numerous schools of thought
banning all schools of thought except Confucianism
achieving good government through non-action
Who was the representative of the Orthodox philosophy during the Han dynasty?
Confucius
Dong Zhongshu
Wang Yangming
Zhu Xi
What did the Orthodox philosophy advocate?
Heaven affects human affairs.
Human behaviour finds responses in Heaven.
The power of the emperors is authorised by Heaven.
Man is an integral part of nature.
What are 'three profound studies' based on which the metaphysics during the Wei and Jin dynasties develop?
The Analects of Confucius
Daodejing
Zhuangzi
Mencius
Mozi
The Book of Changes
In which period did Buddhism reach its apex in ancient China?
the Spring and Autumn period
the Han dynasty
the Sui and Tang dynasties
the Ming and Qing dynasties
What philosophy impacted the Neo-Confucianism during the Song and Ming dynasties?
Confucianism
Taoism
Legalism
Mohism
Buddhism
Hinduism
Match the two main schools of Neo-confucianism and their features.
the School of Principle
All things in the world were derived from rationalism.
the School of Principle
‘Rationalism’ was eternal and was a spiritual existence before the world existed.
the School of Mind
There is nothing outside the mind and no rationalism/reason outside the mind.
the School of Mind
Subjective consciousness is the origin of all things in the world.
Match the two main schools of Neo-confucianism and their representatives.
the School of Principle
Zhou Dunyi
the School of Principle
Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi
the School of Principle
Zhu Xi
the School of Mind
Wang Shouren
the School of Mind
Lu Jiuyuan
Application philosophy during the Ming and Qing dynasties tried to apply philosophy on the international affairs.
Match the items.
three obediences
obedience to father before marriage, to husband after marriage and to son after becoming a widow
four virtues
morality, proper speech, modest manner, diligence
three cardinal guides
A king should rule over his subjects; a father, his son; a husband, his wife.
five constant virtues
benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, fidelity