According to Diane's (1997) lessons from chaos-complexity theory, which of the following should be avoided when theorizing about Second Language Acquisition?
A. Using complementarity and inclusiveness
B. Seeking a single cause for SLA effects
C. Considering multiple interacting factors
D. Emphasizing the complexity of SLA
Diane Larsen-Freeman (1997) suggests that reductionist thinking is beneficial for understanding the complexities of Second Language Acquisition.
According to Michael Long (1990), which of the following is a criterion that a comprehensive theory of SLA should address?
Only focus on environmental factors
Explain both cognitive and affective factors
Ignore interlanguage systematicity
Emphasize subconscious acquisition exclusively
Michael Long's criteria for an SLA theory include accounting for both cognitive and affective factors.
Which of the following is NOT listed by Michael Long as a necessary element for a theory of SLA?
Account for form-focused learning
Explain variability in age and proficiency level
Emphasize that acquisition is a steady accumulation of generalizations
Account for universals
Long suggests that a comprehensive SLA theory should solely focus on exposure and input as variables in language acquisition.
Match each criterion for a comprehensive theory of SLA with its corresponding description:
1. Account for universals
Considers language elements common to all learners, regardless of background.
Account for environmental factors
Includes factors from the learner's surroundings that influence language acquisition.
Account for variability
Recognizes factors like age and proficiency that vary across individuals.
Account for cognitive/innate factors
Considers innate structures that lead to systematic patterns in learner language.