Japanese companies emphasize employees' lifelong loyalty to the enterprise, while Dutch companies focus more on employees' performance. Which dimension?
Individualism vs. Communitarianism
Specific vs. Diffuse
Achievement vs. Ascription
Trompenaars' "Universalism vs. Particularism" dimension primarily distinguishes:
People's perception of time as linear or cyclical
Whether rules allow for exceptions
Whether social status comes from achievement or birth
A Chinese employee failed to complete work due to a family emergency. The German manager insisted on penalties, while the Chinese manager made an exception.
Affective vs. Neutral
Universalism vs. Particularism
Individualism vs. Collectivism
Brazilian teams frequently interrupt to express enthusiasm during meetings, while Swedish teams strictly follow the agenda when speaking. This reflects:
Neutral culture vs. Affective culture
Universalism vs. Particularism
Individualism vs. Collectivism
A U.S. company motivates individuals with an "Employee of the Year" award, while a Malaysian company prefers team-based rewards. This involves:
Achievement vs. Ascription
Individualism vs. Communitarianism
Specific vs. Diffuse
The practice of "establishing personal trust before discussing cooperation in Arab business negotiations" reflects which of the following?
Specific relationship culture
Diffuse relationship culture
Affective culture
External orientation culture
"An Indian project manager simultaneously advances multiple tasks and accepts changes to plans" falls under:
Sequential time orientation
Synchronous time orientation
Internal direction control culture
External direction control culture
The cultural tendency reflected in "the Dutch land reclamation project from the sea" is:
Control over nature
Harmony with nature
Neutral culture
Universalism
German students plan independently, while Malaysian students pay more attention to group opinions. This reflects:
Achievement vs. Ascription
Specific vs. Diffuse
Sequential time orientation vs. Synchronous time orientation
Internal direction vs. External direction control
An American professor directly criticizes shortcomings in assignments, while your Thai classmate feels uncomfortable. This reflects:
Individualism vs. Collectivism
Specific vs. Diffuse relationships
Neutral culture vs. Affective culture
Achievement vs. Ascription orientation
French luxury advertisements emphasize "aristocratic heritage," while Swedish brands highlight "sustainability." Which two dimensions do they reflect?
Ascription orientation + Control over nature
Achievement orientation + Adaptation to nature
Ascription orientation + Adaptation to nature
Universalism + Affective culture