______ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages because the majority of words have more than one meaning.
Hyponymy
Synonymy
Polysemy
Homonymy
The two approaches to the development of polysemy are ______ and ______.
diachronic; synchronic
synchronic; syntagmatic
synchronic; paradigmatic
diachronic; syntagmatic
Sychronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word meaning; it is called the _______ meaning.
primary
secondary
central
derived
The development of word meaning from monosemy to polysemy follows two courses, traditionally called ______ and ______.
extension; narrowing
elevation; degradation
radiation; extension
radiation; concatenation
______ are words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling.
Homographs
Homophones
Perfect homonyms
Homonyms
All of the following are the sources of homonyms except______
extension
shortening
borrowing
change in sound and spelling
Words which are identical in meaning in all aspects are called_______.
antonyms
absolute synonyms
relative synonyms
near-synonyms
Absolute synonyms are ______.
rare
numerous
popular
common
apple and pear are _______ of fruit.
hyponymy
antonyms
synonyms
hyponyms
Based on the degree of similarity, homonyms fall into three types:________, homographs and_________.
______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rays.
Concatenation describes a process where each of the later meanings is related only to the preceding one like a ______.
Synonyms can be defined as words different in sound and _______ but most nearly alike or exactly the same in meaning.