What does the Human Development Index (HDI) indicate?
economic development
level of unemployment
living standards
rate of inflation
The Human Development Index (HDI) can be used to measure human development in countries. Which measure would not be part of its calculation?
inequality of incomes
life expectancy
gross national income per head
years of schooling
The table shows statistics for four countries A, B, C and D. According to the data provided, which country has the lowest standard of living?
A
B
C
D
Which statement is correct about the Human Development Index (HDI) and real GDP?
HDI includes exports and imports while real GDP does not.
HDI includes life expectancy and years of schooling while real GDP does not.
HDI includes the level of output while real GDP does not.
HDI includes the level of unemployment in the population while real GDP does not.
What is the most likely cause of an increase in poverty in developing economies?
an increase in poor nutrition and ill-health
an increase in education provision
an increase in international tourism
an increase in trade union bargaining power
What best describes relative poverty?
A 12-year-old boy has never been able to access a doctor or school.
A person earns less than the minimum defined level of income.
A person has a lower living standard than the minimum level acceptable in a society.
A person is unable to afford the basic necessities of life.
What is most likely to cause an increase in relative poverty?
an increase in state benefits
an increase in the national minimum wage
pension increases below the rate of inflation
people working beyond retirement age
The number of people in relative poverty in a country is decreasing. What is the most likely cause of this?
a contractionary fiscal policy
a decrease in the national minimum wage
an expansion of investment in education
an increase in barriers to entry for multinational companies
A town has a population of 20000. The birth rate is 25 per thousand and the death rate is 15 per thousand. What will the population be at the end of one year?
19800
20010
20200
22000
What might explain the high population growth in some developing countries?
high birth rates and falling death rates
low immigration and high emigration
falling birth rates and rising death rates
falling life expectancy
The gov set the target of reducing the number of its population in poverty. What change does not indicate that the gov had made progress towards this target?
a rise in employment
a rise in infant mortality
a rise in life expectancy
a rise in the level of adult literacy
Other things being equal, what will cause a population both to increase and to age?
a fall in the birth rate
a fall in the death rate
a rise in both the birth rate and the death rate
a rise in the death rate and a fall in the birth rate
Which situation must produce an ageing population?
a falling birth rate and a falling death rate
a rising birth rate and a rising death rate
a rising marriage rate and a falling death rate
a falling marriage rate and a rising death rate
An economy has a high rate of population growth. What is most likely to have caused this?
The average years of schooling is relatively high.
The birth rate is lower than the death rate.
The retirement age has increased.
There are more immigrants than emigrants.
Africa may have economic growth because of an increase in their working age population. Based on this idea, which factor of production is most likely to grow?
labour
enterprise
capital
land
A rise in which factor would cause an increase in the population growth rate of a country?
birth rate
death rate
infant mortality rate
net emigration
Which combination would be most likely to increase the population of a country?
A
B
C
D
The table shows population statistics for three countries in a particular year. What can be concluded from the table?
country X has fewer females than country Y
country Y has the smallest population increase
country Y has the highest living standards
country Z has a decreasing population
The table contains details on birth rate, death rate and net migration for several countries in a year. What can be concluded from the table?
Only one country, Nigeria, had a decreasing population.
The country with the lowest birth rate had the lowest death rate.
The country with the lowest death rate had the highest birth rate.
The country with the lowest natural rate of increase in population was the US.
The chart shows the population pyramid for a country. What is most likely to cause the population pyramid to be shaped in this way?
low birth rate; low death rate
low birth rate; high death rate
high birth rate; low death rate
high birth rate; high death rate
The population pyramids for country 1 and country 2 in a given year are shown. What can be deduced from these population pyramids?
Country 1 has a greater population size than country 2.
Country 1 has a higher life expectancy than country 2.
Country 2 has a lower death rate than country 1.
Country 2 spends more money on childcare than country 1.
What is the most likely consequence of an ageing population for a high-income economy?
There will be a fall in the dependency ratio.
There will be a fall in the level of immigration.
There will be an increase in geographic mobility.
There will be an increase in spending on healthcare.
Which economic consequence is most likely to result from an increasing proportion of the population being over the age of 65?
Government transfer payments will increase.
More facilities will be needed to retrain workers.
The total savings in the economy will increase.
There will be a rise in the economic growth rate.
Which combination of factors might cause a country to be classified as developing rather than developed?
a government budget deficit and a low death rate
a high birth rate and a low death rate
a large population and a current account deficit
a poor education system and a low standard of living
Which change would be unlikely to be found in a country as it develops?
an increase in average incomes and a decrease in unemployment
an increase in manufacturing production and an increase in shipping services
an increase in subsistence farming and a decrease in financial services
an increase in tourism and an increase in the export of agricultural products
Economic development in country X has progressed at a greater rate than in country Y. What is the most likely explanation of this difference?
Country X has a higher level of spending on education than country Y.
Country X has a higher level of unemployment than country Y.
Country Y has a higher level of investment spending than country X.
Country Y has a higher level of spending on healthcare than country X.
The table shows information on four countries. Which country is likely to be the most developed?
A
B
C
D
Which combination best describes the characteristics of a high-income economy?
A
B
C
D
What is most likely to be found in a high-income economy?
A
B
C
D
Which country would be classified as the most developed based on the data in the table?
A
B
C
D